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2. machine독립적인 코드이다.
3. .NET Framework에서는 이를 MSIL로 부른다.
4. .NET Framework에서 source code가 타깃 머신의 native code로 변환되는 과정은 아래 그림과 같다.
##### Virtual Execution System (VES) is:
1. CLI에 맞춰 작성된 프로그램을 로드하고 실행하는 시스템이다.
2. 코드가 실행함에 있어 필요로 하는 모듈들을 연결하기 위해 meta-data를 사용하여 manage code 및 data를 실행한다.
3. .NET Framework에서 CLR을 통해 제공한다.
##### Common Intermediate Language (CIL) is:
1. Virtual Execution System (VES)에 의해 해석되는 중간 언어로 자바의 byte-code에 해당한다.
2. machine독립적인 코드이다.
3. .NET Framework에서는 이를 MSIL로 부른다.
4. .NET Framework에서 source code가 타깃 머신의 native code로 변환되는 과정은 아래 그림과 같다.
### CLR (Common Language Runtime)
CLI명세를 기반으로 Microsoft에서 작성한 Virtual Execution System을 CLR이라 한다
.Net Framework의 핵심 중의 핵심으로 코드를 실행하고 메모리를 자동 관리하며 형식의 안정성을 보장하는 등 여러 가지 실행시간 서비스(환경)를 제공한다.
##### A common runtime for all .NET languages
1. Common type system (CTS)
2. Common metadata
3. Intermediate Language (IL) to native code compilers
4. Memory allocation and garbage collection
5. Code execution and security
##### CLR Execution model
todo-이미지 추가
##### Execution engine
1. Compiles Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) into native code
2. Handles garbage collection
3. Handles exception
4. Enforces code access security
5. Handles verification
##### Advantages of CLR
1. Interoperation between managed code and unmanaged code (COM, DLLs)
2. Managed code environment
3. Improved memory handling
4. Improved "garbage collection"
5. JIT allows code to run in a protected environment as managed code
6. JIT allows the IL code to be hardware independent
7. CLR also allows for enforcement of code access security
8. Access to Metadata
### Framework Class Library (FCL) vs. Base Class Library (BCL)
The Base Class Library (BCL) is literally that, the base. It contains basic, fundamental types like System.String and System.DateTime.
The Framework Class Library (FCL) is the wider library that contains the totality: ASP.NET, WinForms, the XML stack, ADO.NET and more. You could say that the FCL includes the BCL.
### Assembly
C#.VB.Net 및다른.Net 언어들로짜여진소스코드를컴파일하여생성되는결과인.exe or .dll파일을Assembly라고한다.
##### Assembly 구조:
todo-이미지추가
##### Assembly 실행과정:
1. 어셈블리가CLR로로드된다.
2. CLR은manifest 포함된정보를기반으로다양한작업을수행한다.
3. 그런다음보안요구사항이충족되면CLR은JIT(Just In Time) 컴파일을수행하여IL 코드를(Native Code)로변환한다.
### Managed vs. Unmanaged
##### Managed code is:
1. CLR executed code is called managed code. (any .NET language)
Code that contains enough information to allow the CLI to provide a set of core services
2. Represents programming code in the low level language MSIL.
3. Contains metadata
4. Description of classes
A. Interfaces
B. Properties
C. Fields
D. Methods
E. Parameters
5. Protected from irregular use of types (type-safe)
6. Portable between different platforms (Windows, Linux, Max OS x, etc.)
##### Managed data is:
1. Data that is allocated and released automatically by the CLI, through a process called garbage collection
##### Unmanaged code is:
1. No protection of memory and type-safety
2. Doesn't contain metadata
3. Compiled to machine-dependent code.
# .Net , C#, Visual Studio, OS
| .NET | 1.0 | 1.1 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 4.6 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| C# | 1.0(2002/01)속성대리자값타입 | N/A | 2.0(2005/11)제네릭 | N/A | 3.0(2007/11)링큐람다.확장메소드표현트리 | 4.0(2010/04)동적바인딩 | 5.0(2012/08)Async | 6.0(2015/?) |
| Visual Studio | 2002 | 2003 | 2005 | | 2008 | 2010 | 2013 | 2015 |
| CRL | 1.0 | 1.1 | 2.0 | WCFWPF | LINQ | 4.0parallel | Asynchronousmodel | |
| Windows OS | N/A | svr2003 | svr2003 R2 | vistasvr2008 | 7,Svr2008 R2 | N/A | 8, 10svr2012 | |
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